Mine or yours?

The video “Copyright Criminals” was very interesting and informative at the same time.  It was surprising to see all the legal issues artists ran into when using samples of old songs.  Because I’m in the consumer’s end of the spectrum, I never once thought about what goes on behind the scenes with the producers.  It turns out that whenever a musician’s old beat or sound or phrase is used, he or she has to give permission, otherwise it becomes copyright infringement.

It was interesting that some artist’s didn’t mind their beats being “stolen” at all, while others such as Gilbert O’Sullivan worked up a storm about it.  Clyde Stubblefield says “I didn’t know anything about sampling, and someone came up to me and said, “Some artist is using your drum pattern and I go ‘cool’.”  It’s neat that he just brushed off the matter.  So it’s apparent that the people behind these remakes need to be careful as to whose music they are using.  The video mentioned that now the remix makers make a list of people whose music they’d like to use and cross out the one’s whom they think would be offended or angered by the act.

Today, the amount of music that is being altered without consent is astonishing.  The business of mixing songs has become so huge that it is almost difficult to control.  It is to the point that if Carly Rae Jepson were to sue every single person who remixed her song “Call Me Maybe” it would take her a century.  Many artists these days don’t mind that their music is being remade without consent because most of the time it is just for fun and games with no intentions of harming or taking profits from the original creator.  But when people begin to make money off of remakes of songs, that’s a different story.

Overall, it is obviously easier to make a mashup of previously recorded music than it is to make a completely new record, but as this new type of sound continues to become bigger and bigger, it needs to be respected as well as done right.

From old to new: The evolution of Wiki articles

Watching Jon Udell’s video on the Wikipedia site for “Heavy Metal Umlaut” was pretty fascinating.  I felt that being able to watch a Wiki site evolve over time truly showed me how easily the site can be tweaked and abused.  Minor details were changed as different people’s opinions differentiated on the same topic.  And like Udell said, it was kind of hypnotic watching the changes.  I recommend any Wikipedia user to watch the video here.

The site went from looking like this:

to looking like this in the matter of a couple years:

The video got me thinking about how easy it is to alter facts on the Internet, specifically Wikipedia.  Anyone can go into a Wiki post and provide information, regardless of if it is true or false.  A naive reader (like me) who does not know the slightest bit about heavy metal bands would not know the difference between the umlaut giving a more gothic feel versus the umlaut not giving a gothic feel.  It turns out the umlaut does not give a gothic feel, considering that that bit of information saying it did is not in the current version of the article.

The random vandalism in the article that made me chuckle (but not really):

The fact that people are able to post whatever their heart desires on Wikipedia is quite unsettling.  As much as I want to trust Wiki because it shows up at the top of almost every search I make, seeing that example of vandalism reassures me that I can’t.  Some of the false posts on the site might not be as obvious as “I SUCK COCKS”, so I know I definitely have to double check what I read on Wikipedia through other more dependable sources.

Analyzing a Wikipedia article:

I chose to analyze the article on “September 11 attacks.”  It was interesting seeing that the first solid chunk of information was found on November 21, 2001, over two months after the attacks.  I would think that something so historical would have a post up the very next day, but perhaps considering the severity of the incident, making a Wiki article for it wasn’t in the hearts of most individuals.

The old version of the article sounded more like an opinion piece.  There were obvious facts stating that the incident had happened but adjectives in the article such as “doomed” and “devastating” showed the author’s emotion about the topic as well.  The post wasn’t very well written either.  Many of the events weren’t even listed in chronological order.

Within a year of the post being up, the article was longer, the first sentence was changed, there were more links, the content was more factual, and there were much fewer grammatical mistakes.  And in such a short time span, over a hundred people had made alterations.

I wanted to see if there were any obvious posts of false information or profanity, but the list of revisions in the article kept becoming longer and longer, making it impossible to sift through each one of the posts.

The current version of the article seems considerably reliable at first glance, but what lurks within the facts, I wouldn’t know.  The article has 1,541 “watchers” which I think is the number of people who make revisions on the piece, but don’t quote me on it.  The amount of content (photos, links, references, sources, table of contents, graphs, charts, etc.) that has been added to the article in about eleven years is pretty astonishing.  The length of the Wiki site now compared to how it used to be at it’s origin is quite the difference.

Check out the old “September 11 attacks” article here, compared to the latest one here.

Scavenger Hunt!

The task at hand:

Find and blog how I found these three items (listed below) using different databases.  Let me just say, it’s much easier said than done.

1) An op-ed on a labor dispute involving public school teachers from before 1970

2) The first documented use of solar power in the United States

3) The best resource for the history of California ballot initiatives, including voting data

The results:

1) After searching ProQuest, JSTOR, and Project MUSE, the best I could do for number 1 is find an article about public school teachers’ on strike.  You can read it here.  I was THRILLED, until I realized it wasn’t an editorial piece..  Buy hey, at least it’s dated before 1970, which was in fact a huge obstacle during my search.  In order to find the piece I first went to library.gmu.edu, clicked on the “databases” tab, led myself to the “p” section, scrolled down the list and tried out a few of the ProQuest sites, specifically clicked on the Historical Newspapers, entered the search “public school strikes AND teachers” and found the article in the Chicago Tribune.  

2) Once again I resorted to ProQuest’s historical newspapers, considering that the FIRST documented use of solar power had to be a good while ago.  I searched the phrases “solar power”, “first solar power”, “sun power”, “first sun power in the US”, etc.  No luck.  I did a few searches on JSTOR, no luck.  I fell asleep, no luck.  Finally as a last resort, I Googled it (in shame).  On Google I found a site that led me to this link where I learned that a Swiss scientist named Horace de Saussure was credited with building the world’s first solar collector.  This was the best I could do.

3) While searching for the best resource for California ballot initiatives, I looked for some journals or even books in Project MUSE.  Unfortunately, I could not find anything.  It struck me as a bit odd to be performing such a simple search on anything but Google, so I went ahead and Googled it.  Google helped me run across California’s official website where I could find a reliable summary of data, initiative totals by summary year, approval percentages of initiatives, and initiatives by title and summary year, all between the years 1912 and 2012.  Here is an example of the summary of data (1912-2012):

What I learned:

This assignment showed me that it isn’t so easy to obtain scholarly sources of information.  It requires quite a bit of digging, and then some.  I realize that I need to become more familiar with the databases and how to maneuver within them in order to master using tools that can be extremely effective if used properly.

 

Becoming Digital

Exploring Historical Newspapers on ProQuest:

As I performed my search on a variety of different items on ProQuest, I found my experience to be fairly simple and straight forward.  Experimenting with searches such as  “The Holocaust”, I found a wide range of information.. maybe a bit TOO wide.  Realizing that “The Holocaust” was much too broad of a topic, I decided to narrow it down using a Boolean operator to something like “the Holocaust AND children”.  Simply doing that landed me with 13,648 fewer results.

I also attempted messing around with the advanced search, trying to further narrow my search on the same topic.  Unfortunately, my amateur ability to perform searches on ProQuest provided me with no luck.

I specifically like the fact that I can perform a search through all of the historical newspapers at once, but also have the option of searching within each newspaper individually.  On the contrary, I dislike the fact that I personally am unable to find a way to narrow my search to the point where I have only a couple hundred results at the most.  Hopefully it’s something I’ll master by the end of this course, that is, if it’s even in the agenda.

Thoughts on Chapter 3 of Digital History: Becoming Digital:

So there are obvious advantages and disadvantages to digitizing the past.

One thing in the reading that struck my eye as an advantage was the fact that it is now possible to digitize old documents that have otherwise become illegible on the original.  As mentioned by Cohen and Rosenzweig in Chapter 3 of Digital History, through the digitization of the L’Enfant plan, people are now able to read Thomas Jefferson’s handwritten editorial annotations.

A drawback to digitizing in my eyes is in fact the amount of things available to the public.  The more history we put on the web, the more it will become the norm.  Even today, I can hardly think of anything that isn’t available online.  It is crazy to think that maybe one day every piece of history made might be at the fingertips of people worldwide.  I personally don’t believe in a world where the masses have access to items far beyond their reach.  Everything has it’s own place and some things should be left confidential.

Reaction to Promises and Perils of Digital History: Visual vs. Experiential Learning

After reading Promises and Perils of Digital History by Daniel J. Cohen and Roy Rosenzweig, the first thought that crossed my mind was that some of these “advantages” of digital media have their disadvantages as well.

The large mass of information found on the web is most definitely one of the greatest feats of all time, but with that kind of accessibility comes conflict.  Sure, don’t get me wrong, the seven qualities of digital media mentioned by Cohen and Rosenzweig are indeed great qualities, but what irks me the most is the problem of distance: distance from the primary sources.  Now that we have this massive flood of information right at our fingertips (literally), we often forget that if we travel one or one thousand miles, we can get a feel for the real thing.  Yes, I do realize that there are a lot of strings attached to the word travel.  Time, money, effort: only a few factors that need to be considered.  But if we do not step out of our way and put in that extra effort, no matter how much we research the Constitution, it will never be the same as visualizing it present in the same room as you.  The Constitution, which is housed in the National Archives Building in Washington, DC, is within easy access to those of us in the Northern Virginia area, but how many while researching the document, actually made the effort to go out of their way and see it in person?  As I write this post, I think to myself why did I not make that extra effort when I studied the Constitution in U.S. History class in high school?  Perhaps it is because as a sixteen year old I lacked the drive to become a more learned individual or perhaps I just didn’t care.  I’m not exactly sure what the reason was but with more age I now know that when an opportunity arises for me to go and experience an artifact of history, I won’t be the one to turn it down.

The feeling one gets when flipping through the rough pages of journals written by old scholars is not by any means the same as reading portions of the same journals on a dull webpage online.  To be able to touch and experience an artifact is a completely different aura.

Just this past weekend, my family and I took a trip to the Wright Brothers National Museum.  Prior to my trip, I had read about the brothers and their flights in history books during school, merely knowing that they were first in flight.  I always thought to myself “cool.”  After leaving the museum, seeing the bicycle parts they used to make the airplane engine, and standing at the exact location they stood to launch the first successful airplane flight in 1903, I had a ton more respect and feel for the duo.  What I felt while reading the history books could never add up to the emotion I felt with my presence there.

Unfortunately, while we laud the web for providing us with so much information, we forget to realize that there are other sources of information out there as well.  I will never be as comfortable reading an ebook as I am with flipping through the pages of a paperback I got from the library.  I would rather expend my time and effort into making a trip to the bookstore than ordering an ebook via the web to read on my Kindle.